21世纪大学英语读写教程第三册Unit2课文讲解60篇

21世纪大学英语读写教程第三册Unit2课文讲解1　　1.Therearemanytraditionalformsofcourtesytowardwomen—gestureslikelighting下面是小编为大家整理的21世纪大学英语读写教程第三册Unit2课文讲解60篇,供大家参考。

21世纪大学英语读写教程第三册Unit2课文讲解1

　　1. There are many traditional forms of courtesy toward women — gestures like lighting their cigarettes for them or standing up when they enter a room. What others can you think of?

　　2. As you listen to the passage the first time, see if it mentions any of the polite gestures that you thought of. Then listen again for the answers to the following questions:

　　a) Where do you imagine the incident the woman describes took place?

　　b) What courtesy did she expect?

　　c) What, in the man"s view, is the basis of a lot of common courtesy?

　　3. What do you think of the woman"s argument about everyday reality? What about the man"s view of common courtesy?

　　The Titanic Puzzle Should a good feminist accept

　　priority seating on a lifeboat?

　　Charles Krauthammer

　　You"re on the Titanic II. It has just hit an iceberg and is sinking. And, as last time, there are not enough lifeboats. The captain shouts, "Women and children first!" But this time, another voice is heard: "Why women?"

　　Why, indeed? Part of the charm of the successful movie Titanic are the period costumes, the period extravagance, and the period prejudices. An audience can enjoy these at a distance. Oddly, however, of all the period attitudes in the film, the old maritime tradition of "women and children first" enjoys total acceptance by modern audiences. Listen to the audience boo at the bad guys who try to sneak on the lifeboats with — or ahead of — the ladies.

　　But is not grouping women with children a raging anachronism? Should not any self-respecting modern person, let alone feminist, object to it as insulting to women?

　　Yet its usage is as common today as it was in 1912. Consider these examples taken almost at random from recent newspapers:

　　"The invaders gunned down the Indians, most of them women and children..."

　　"As many as 200 civilians, most of them women and children, were killed..."

　　"At the massacre in Ahmici 103 Muslims, including 33 women and children, were killed..."

　　At a time when women fly combat aircraft and run multi-national corporations, how can one not wince when * women are routinely classed with children? In Ahmici, it seems, 70 * men were killed. And how many * women? Not clear. When things get serious, when blood starts to flow or ships start to sink, you"ll find them with the children.

　　Children are entitled to special consideration for two reasons: helplessness and innocence. They have not yet acquired either the faculty of reason or the wisdom of experience. Consequently, they are defenseless (incapable of fending for themselves) and blameless (incapable of real sin). That"s why we grant them special protection. In an emergency, it is our duty to save them first because they, helpless, have put their lives in our hands. And in wartime, they are supposed to be protected by special immunity because they can have threatened or offended no one.

　　The phrase "women and children" attributes to women the same dependence and moral simplicity we find in five-year-olds. Such an attitude perhaps made sense in an era dominated by male privilege. Given the disabilities attached to womanhood in 1912, it was only fair that a new standard of gender equality not suddenly be proclaimed just as lifeboat seats were being handed out. That deference — a somewhat more urgent variation on giving up your seat on the bus to a woman — complemented and perhaps to some extent compensated for the legal and social constraints placed on women at the time.

　　But in our era of extensive social restructuring to grant women equality in education, in employment, in government, in athletics, what entitles women to the privileges — and reduces them to the status — of children?

　　Evolutionary psychologists might say that ladies-to-the-lifeboats is an instinct that developed to perpetuate the species: Women are indispensable child-bearers. You can repopulate a village if the women survive and only a few of the men, but not if the men survive and only a few of the women. Women being more precious, biologically speaking, than men, evolution has conditioned us to give them the kind of life-protecting deference we give to that other seed of the future: kids.

　　The problem with this kind of logic, however, is its depressing reductionism. It"s like a serious version of the geneticist"s old joke that a chicken is just an egg"s way of making another egg. But humans are more than just egg-layers. And traditional courtesies are more than just disguised survival strategies. So why do we say "women and children"?

　　Perhaps it"s really "women for children." The most basic parental bond is maternal. Equal parenting is great, but women, from breast to cradle to reassuring hug, can nurture in ways that men cannot. And thus, because we value children, women should go second. The children need them.

　　But kiddie-centrism gets you only so far. What if there are no children on board? You are on the Titanic III, and this time it"s a singles cruise. No kids, no parents. Now: Iceberg! Lifeboats! Action!

　　Here"s my scenario. The men, out of sheer irrational heroism, should let the women go first. And the women, out of sheer feminist self-respect, should refuse.

　　Result? Stalemate. How does this movie end? How should it end? Hurry, the ship"s going down.

21世纪大学英语读写教程第三册Unit2课文讲解2

　　feminist

　　n. a person who believes that women should have the same rights and opportunities as men 女权主义者

　　* feminine

　　a. of or having the qualities suitable for a woman 女性的;女子气的

　　charm

　　n. a pleasing or attractive feature or quality 魅力

　　* costume

　　n. clothes, esp. clothes from a particular place or during a particular historical period; clothes worn by actors during a film or play (一个地区、一个时期流行的)服装;戏装

　　extravagance

　　n. the use of more (of sth.) than is necessary 挥霍，奢侈

　　* extravagant

　　a. 1. wasteful of money; too costly 奢侈的;浪费的

　　2. (of ideas, behaviour, etc.) uncontrolled; beyond what is reasonable 过度的;越轨的

　　boo

　　v. show disapproval or contempt for sb./sth. by shouting "boo" (对…)发出“呸”的声音(表示嫌恶或强烈的"不满)

　　anachronism

　　n. sth. outdated or obsolete; sth. from one historical period incorrectly associated with another 过时现象;时代错误

　　usage

　　n. the way sth. is used; the way words are used in a language 用法;使用;(词的)惯用法

　　* random

　　a. done, chosen, etc. without conscious choice 胡乱的;任意的

　　* massacre

　　n. the killing of a large number of people or animals 屠杀

　　combat

　　n. a fight or fighting between two armies, etc. 战斗

　　aircraft

　　n. (pl. unchanged) a plane or other vehicle that can fly in the air 航空器，飞机

　　wince

　　vi. suddenly and briefly show pain in one"s facial expression 脸部肌肉抽搐，皱眉蹙眼

　　entitle

　　vt. 1. (to) give (sb.) a right (to have or do sth.) 给…权利;给…资格

　　2. give a title (to a book, etc.) 给(书等)题名

　　consideration

　　n. 1. careful thought and attention 考虑

　　2. (for) thoughtful attention to the wishes and feelings of others 体贴;关心

　　faculty

　　n. 1. any of the powers of the body or mind; a particular ability for doing sth. 才能;能力;天赋

　　2. all the teachers and workers of a university or college (高等院校的)全体教师及职工

　　fend

　　v. (for) look after 照料

　　protection

　　n. the action of protecting or the condition of being protected 保护，防护

　　protective

　　a. 1. that protects sb. or sth. from harm 保护的，防护的

　　2. (towards) having or showing a strong desire to protect (对人)关切保护的

　　helpless

　　a. unable to act without help; needing the help of others; unable to defend oneself 无助的;无依无靠的;不能自立的

　　immunity

　　n. 1. protection or freedom (from sth.) 受保护;豁免(权)

　　2. ability to resist infection, disease, etc. 免疫力

　　threaten

　　vt. 1. make a threat against (sb.) 威胁，恐吓

　　2. give a warning (of sth. bad) 预示

　　male

　　a. & n.男子(的);雄性(的)

　　privilege

　　n. a special right or advantage available only to a particular person or group of people 特权;优惠

　　given

　　prep.考虑到

　　a. 1. 规定的;特定的

　　2. 假设的;已知的

　　* attach

　　vt. (to) 1. consider that sb. has (a certain quality) 认为有;使与…相关联

　　2. fasten or join 系;贴;连接

　　womanhood

　　n. women in general; the state of being a woman (总称)妇女;女子的身份或状态

　　* gender

　　n. 1. (生理上的)性

　　2. (名词、代词等的)性

　　equality

　　n. the state of being equal, esp. in status, rights, etc. *等

　　deference

　　n. respect 尊敬，敬重

　　urgent

　　a. requiring immediate attention or action 紧迫的，紧要的

　　* complement

　　vt. add new or contrasting features which show the best qualities of (sth.) or which improve (it) 补充，补足

　　* constraint

　　n. limitation or restriction 约束，限制

　　* constrain

　　vt. 1. force (sb.) to act in a particular way 强迫

　　2. prevent (sth.) from developing freely 限制，束缚

　　restructure

　　vt. arrange (a system or organisation) in a new way to make it work more effectively 重建;改组;调整

　　evolutionary

　　a. of or resulting from evolution; developing gradually 进化论的;演变的

　　instinct

　　n. behavior or knowledge that one has without being taught 本能

　　perpetuate

　　a. make (sth.) continue for a long time; carry (sth.) on 使永久;保持

　　* perpetual

　　a. lasting forever or for a long time 永久性的;长期的

　　indispensable

　　a. essential 必不可少的

　　repopulate

　　vt. 重新构成…的人口;重新居住于

　　biologically

　　ad. 从生物学的角度

　　logic

　　n. a way of reasoning 推理(法)

　　depress

　　vt. 1. sadden and discourage 使抑郁，使沮丧

　　2. cause to sink to a lower level of position 使不景气，使萧条

　　reductionism

　　n. the practice of showing prejudice because of the tendency to reduce women to a lower status 视妇女低人一等的歧视性做法

　　reduction

　　n. making or becoming smaller; the amount taken off in making sth. smaller 减少(量);削减(数)

　　version

　　n. 1. one person"s account of an event, as compared with that of another person 描述，说法

　　2. 版本;改写本

　　geneticist

　　n. 遗传学家

　　egg-layer

　　n. 生育机器

　　* courtesy

　　n. 1. polite behavior; good manners 谦恭有礼;有礼的举止

　　2. a polite or kind action or expression 好意;恩惠

　　survival

　　n. continuing to live or exist, often in spite of difficulty or danger 生存;幸存

　　strategy

　　n. a plan, often for business or military aims 策略，计谋

　　strategic

　　a. 战略(上)的;战略上重要的

　　parental

　　a. 父母(似)的

　　maternal

　　a. of or like a mother 母亲(般)的

　　breast

　　n. 乳房;胸部;胸膛

　　* cradle

　　n. a small bed for a baby, usu. shaped like an open box, that rocks from side to side 摇篮

　　v. 轻轻地抱，拥抱

　　kiddie-centrism

　　n. the notion that children are most important 小孩中心论

　　cruise

　　n. a sea voyage for pleasure 海上航游

　　vt. sail or move at a constant speed that is unhurried and comfortable 航游;巡航;缓慢巡行

　　scenario

　　n. a written outline of a film, play, etc. 电影剧本;剧本提纲

　　* sheer

　　a. 1. pure; nothing other than (often used in descriptions of sth. surprising, outrageous, inexplicable, etc.) 完全的，十足的

　　2. (of fabric) very thin, light and almost transparent (织物)极簿的;透明的

　　3. very steep 陡峭的;垂直的

　　stalemate

　　n. a stage of a dis*, contest, etc. at which further progress is impossible for both sides 僵局;僵持阶段

21世纪大学英语读写教程第三册Unit2课文讲解3

　　priority seating

　　(the practice of) certain people being given a place to sit before other people 优先安排座位

　　at/from a distance

　　from a place that is not very close; a long time after sth. happened 隔开一段距离(或时间);从远处

　　object to

　　oppose; be against 反对，不赞成

　　at random

　　without conscious choice 胡乱地，随便地，任意地

　　gun down

　　shoot, causing to fall to the ground dead or wounded 枪杀;开枪打伤

　　be entitled to

　　be given the right to have or do (sth.) 有权，有资格

　　fend for oneself

　　look after oneself 照料自己

　　attach sth. to sth.

　　connect sth. to/with sth. else; associate sth. with sth. else; fasten sth. to sth. else 使相关联;使连接在一起

　　hand out

　　distribute 分发，散发

　　go down

　　sink (船等)下沉

21世纪大学英语读写教程第三册Unit2课文讲解60篇扩展阅读

21世纪大学英语读写教程第三册Unit2课文讲解60篇（扩展1）

——21世纪大学英语读写教程第三册Unit7课文讲解60篇

21世纪大学英语读写教程第三册Unit7课文讲解1

　　so-so

　　a.& ad.(infml) neither very bad(ly) nor very good/well 不好也不坏的(地)

　　mom

　　n. (美口)妈妈

　　incompetence

　　n. the lack of skill or ability to do a task successfully 不胜任，不称职

　　* competence

　　n. skill or ability to do a task successfully 能力;称职

　　boring

　　a. dull and uninteresting 乏味的;令人厌倦的

　　leisure

　　n. time free from work or other duties; spare time 闲暇

　　gym

　　n. (infml) (=gymnasium) a room or hall with apparatus for physical exercise 体操馆;健身房

　　gym shoe

　　n. 体操鞋，球鞋

　　sole

　　n. the bottom part of a shoe or sock 鞋底;袜底

　　a. being the only one; belonging to one and no others 唯一的;独占的

　　enthusiast

　　n. a person who is very interested in sth. 热衷于…的人

　　squeeze

　　vt. 1. force or press (sb. or sth. into a small space) 硬塞，硬挤

　　2. press firmly from two sides 挤压，榨

　　n. 1. an act of pressing in from two sides 挤压，榨

　　2. tight economic circumstances 经济困难;拮据

　　tights

　　n. [复]女用(连)*

　　leg warmers

　　n. [复]暖腿套

　　warm-up

　　n. an act or a period of preparation for physical exercise, a performance, etc. 准备活动;准备练习

　　* overhear

　　vt. hear (sb., a conversation, etc.) without the knowledge of the speaker(s); hear by chance 偷听到;无意中听到

　　goal kick

　　n. 球门球

　　* slaughter

　　vt. 1. kill (an animal), esp. for food; kill (people or animals) violently and in large numbers 屠宰;屠杀

　　2. (infml) defeat (sb.) badly in sports or games (口)使惨败

　　wreck

　　n. 1. (usu. sing) (infml) a person whose health, esp. mental health, has been seriously damaged 受到严重损害的人

　　2. a ship lost at sea; a plane, car, etc. which is badly damaged in an accident 遇难船只;失事飞机等的残骸

　　vt. cause (a ship) to be destroyed; (fig.) destroy, ruin 造成(船舶等)失事;(喻)破坏

　　orchestra

　　n. a (usu. large) group of people playing various musical instruments together 管弦乐队

　　limit

　　n. (oft. pl.) the greatest extent of sth. that is possible or allowed 限度;范围

　　vt. keep within a certain size, amount, number, area, or place; restrict 限制;限定

　　limited

　　a. small in amount, power and not able to increase 有限的

　　tidy

　　vt. make (sb. or sth.) neat or in order 使整洁，使整齐

　　a. neat and in order; liking things to be neatly arranged 整洁的;爱整洁的

　　* recreation

　　n. an activity done for enjoyment when one is not working 消遣，娱乐

　　self-improvement

　　n. improvement of one"s character, mind, etc., by one"s own efforts 自我改进，自我修养

　　grimly

　　ad. in a determined manner 坚定地;不屈地

　　* insane

　　a. 1. 精神病患者的;为疯人而设的

　　2. (of people or their acts) mad (患)精神病的;精神失常的

　　asylum

　　n. 收容所;精神病院

　　insane asylum

　　n. a mental hospital 精神病院

　　sanity

　　n. the state of having a normal healthy mind; the state of being sensible or reasonable; good sound judgement 神智健全;清醒，明智

　　opera

　　n. 歌剧

　　peculiar-looking

　　a. 奇形怪状的

　　peculiar

　　a. 1. odd, strange 奇特的，古怪的

　　2. (to) belonging, relating only (to a particular person, place or time) 独有的，特有的

　　clay

　　n. 黏土

　　homemade

　　a. made at home, rather than in a shop or factory 家制的;做得简单粗糙的

　　discourage

　　vt. take away (sb."s) confidence or (sb."s) hope of doing sth. 使泄气，使灰心

　　* stumble

　　vi. 1. walk in a clumsy way 跌跌撞撞地走

　　2. speak or perform with many mistakes or hesitations 结结巴巴地说话

　　gracelessly

　　ad. not attractively or elegantly; in a clumsy manner 不优美地，笨拙地

　　grace

　　n. 1. elegance in movement or behaviour 优美;风度

　　2. kindness; willingness to do what is right 善意;体谅

　　graceful

　　a. 1. (of movement or shape) attractive to see 优美的"

　　2. (of a speech or feeling) suitably and pleasantly expressed 优雅的;得体的

　　* gracious

　　a. polite, kind and pleasant, esp. to people of a lower social position 亲切的，和蔼的

21世纪大学英语读写教程第三册Unit7课文讲解2

　　tone up

　　make (one"s body) stronger, fitter, etc. 使更强壮，使更健康

　　pull on

　　put (sth.) on by pulling 穿上，戴上

　　a big deal

　　sth. important 了不起的事，大事

　　take up

　　start to learn or practice (a hobby) 开始从事

　　in good shape

　　in good condition 处于良好状况

　　be committed to

　　care a lot about (a cause, one"s job. etc.); be loyal to (a particular ideal) 献身于，忠诚于

　　squeeze into

　　force or press into a narrow or restricted space 硬塞进…，硬挤入…

　　as it happens

　　(used before saying sth. surprising) actually; in fact 碰巧，偶然

　　blow it

　　(俚)把这事弄得一团糟

　　keep score

　　(在比赛中)记分

　　get in the way (of sth./of -ing); get in sb."s way

　　prevent or interfere with sth.; prevent sb. from doing sth.; block sb."s progress 妨碍;挡道

　　kind of

　　(infml) somewhat; to some extent (口)有点儿;可以这么说

　　eat up

　　use (sth.) in large quantities 消耗;用完

　　have a shot at

　　(infml) attempt to do (sth.) (口)尝试;试着去做(某事)

　　put off

　　delay (doing sth.) 推迟;拖延

　　tidy up

　　make (sb./oneself/sth.) neat and orderly 整理，收拾

　　put a stop to

　　ensure that a process, habit, etc., ends and will not be repeated 制止，使停止

　　make sth. out of

　　construct, create or prepare sth. by combining materials or putting parts together 用…做出…

　　fool around

　　behave in a manner that isn"t serious; waste time; do sth. just for fun (口)闲荡，混日子

　　out of shape

　　not fit 处于不良的(健康)状况

　　in no time

　　very quickly 立刻，马上

21世纪大学英语读写教程第三册Unit2课文讲解60篇（扩展2）

——21世纪大学英语读写教程第三册Unit2课文讲解 (菁选3篇)

21世纪大学英语读写教程第三册Unit2课文讲解1

　　1. There are many traditional forms of courtesy toward women — gestures like lighting their cigarettes for them or standing up when they enter a room. What others can you think of?

　　2. As you listen to the passage the first time, see if it mentions any of the polite gestures that you thought of. Then listen again for the answers to the following questions:

　　a) Where do you imagine the incident the woman describes took place?

　　b) What courtesy did she expect?

　　c) What, in the man"s view, is the basis of a lot of common courtesy?

　　3. What do you think of the woman"s argument about everyday reality? What about the man"s view of common courtesy?

　　The Titanic Puzzle Should a good feminist accept

　　priority seating on a lifeboat?

　　Charles Krauthammer

　　You"re on the Titanic II. It has just hit an iceberg and is sinking. And, as last time, there are not enough lifeboats. The captain shouts, "Women and children first!" But this time, another voice is heard: "Why women?"

　　Why, indeed? Part of the charm of the successful movie Titanic are the period costumes, the period extravagance, and the period prejudices. An audience can enjoy these at a distance. Oddly, however, of all the period attitudes in the film, the old maritime tradition of "women and children first" enjoys total acceptance by modern audiences. Listen to the audience boo at the bad guys who try to sneak on the lifeboats with — or ahead of — the ladies.

　　But is not grouping women with children a raging anachronism? Should not any self-respecting modern person, let alone feminist, object to it as insulting to women?

　　Yet its usage is as common today as it was in 1912. Consider these examples taken almost at random from recent newspapers:

　　"The invaders gunned down the Indians, most of them women and children..."

　　"As many as 200 civilians, most of them women and children, were killed..."

　　"At the massacre in Ahmici 103 Muslims, including 33 women and children, were killed..."

　　At a time when women fly combat aircraft and run multi-national corporations, how can one not wince when adult women are routinely classed with children? In Ahmici, it seems, 70 adult men were killed. And how many adult women? Not clear. When things get serious, when blood starts to flow or ships start to sink, you"ll find them with the children.

　　Children are entitled to special consideration for two reasons: helplessness and innocence. They have not yet acquired either the faculty of reason or the wisdom of experience. Consequently, they are defenseless (incapable of fending for themselves) and blameless (incapable of real sin). That"s why we grant them special protection. In an emergency, it is our duty to save them first because they, helpless, have put their lives in our hands. And in wartime, they are supposed to be protected by special immunity because they can have threatened or offended no one.

　　The phrase "women and children" attributes to women the same dependence and moral simplicity we find in five-year-olds. Such an attitude perhaps made sense in an era dominated by male privilege. Given the disabilities attached to womanhood in 1912, it was only fair that a new standard of gender equality not suddenly be proclaimed just as lifeboat seats were being handed out. That deference — a somewhat more urgent variation on giving up your seat on the bus to a woman — complemented and perhaps to some extent compensated for the legal and social constraints placed on women at the time.

　　But in our era of extensive social restructuring to grant women equality in education, in employment, in government, in athletics, what entitles women to the privileges — and reduces them to the status — of children?

　　Evolutionary psychologists might say that ladies-to-the-lifeboats is an instinct that developed to perpetuate the species: Women are indispensable child-bearers. You can repopulate a village if the women survive and only a few of the men, but not if the men survive and only a few of the women. Women being more precious, biologically speaking, than men, evolution has conditioned us to give them the kind of life-protecting deference we give to that other seed of the future: kids.

　　The problem with this kind of logic, however, is its depressing reductionism. It"s like a serious version of the geneticist"s old joke that a chicken is just an egg"s way of making another egg. But humans are more than just egg-layers. And traditional courtesies are more than just disguised survival strategies. So why do we say "women and children"?

　　Perhaps it"s really "women for children." The most basic parental bond is maternal. Equal parenting is great, but women, from breast to cradle to reassuring hug, can nurture in ways that men cannot. And thus, because we value children, women should go second. The children need them.

　　But kiddie-centrism gets you only so far. What if there are no children on board? You are on the Titanic III, and this time it"s a singles cruise. No kids, no parents. Now: Iceberg! Lifeboats! Action!

　　Here"s my scenario. The men, out of sheer irrational heroism, should let the women go first. And the women, out of sheer feminist self-respect, should refuse.

　　Result? Stalemate. How does this movie end? How should it end? Hurry, the ship"s going down.

21世纪大学英语读写教程第三册Unit2课文讲解2

　　feminist

　　n. a person who believes that women should have the same rights and opportunities as men 女权主义者

　　* feminine

　　a. of or having the qualities suitable for a woman 女性的;女子气的

　　charm

　　n. a pleasing or attractive feature or quality 魅力

　　* costume

　　n. clothes, esp. clothes from a particular place or during a particular historical period; clothes worn by actors during a film or play (一个地区、一个时期流行的)服装;戏装

　　extravagance

　　n. the use of more (of sth.) than is necessary 挥霍，奢侈

　　* extravagant

　　a. 1. wasteful of money; too costly 奢侈的;浪费的

　　2. (of ideas, behaviour, etc.) uncontrolled; beyond what is reasonable 过度的;越轨的

　　boo

　　v. show disapproval or contempt for sb./sth. by shouting "boo" (对…)发出“呸”的声音(表示嫌恶或强烈的"不满)

　　anachronism

　　n. sth. outdated or obsolete; sth. from one historical period incorrectly associated with another 过时现象;时代错误

　　usage

　　n. the way sth. is used; the way words are used in a language 用法;使用;(词的)惯用法

　　* random

　　a. done, chosen, etc. without conscious choice 胡乱的;任意的

　　* massacre

　　n. the killing of a large number of people or animals 屠杀

　　combat

　　n. a fight or fighting between two armies, etc. 战斗

　　aircraft

　　n. (pl. unchanged) a plane or other vehicle that can fly in the air 航空器，飞机

　　wince

　　vi. suddenly and briefly show pain in one"s facial expression 脸部肌肉抽搐，皱眉蹙眼

　　entitle

　　vt. 1. (to) give (sb.) a right (to have or do sth.) 给…权利;给…资格

　　2. give a title (to a book, etc.) 给(书等)题名

　　consideration

　　n. 1. careful thought and attention 考虑

　　2. (for) thoughtful attention to the wishes and feelings of others 体贴;关心

　　faculty

　　n. 1. any of the powers of the body or mind; a particular ability for doing sth. 才能;能力;天赋

　　2. all the teachers and workers of a university or college (高等院校的)全体教师及职工

　　fend

　　v. (for) look after 照料

　　protection

　　n. the action of protecting or the condition of being protected 保护，防护

　　protective

　　a. 1. that protects sb. or sth. from harm 保护的，防护的

　　2. (towards) having or showing a strong desire to protect (对人)关切保护的

　　helpless

　　a. unable to act without help; needing the help of others; unable to defend oneself 无助的;无依无靠的;不能自立的

　　immunity

　　n. 1. protection or freedom (from sth.) 受保护;豁免(权)

　　2. ability to resist infection, disease, etc. 免疫力

　　threaten

　　vt. 1. make a threat against (sb.) 威胁，恐吓

　　2. give a warning (of sth. bad) 预示

　　male

　　a. & n.男子(的);雄性(的)

　　privilege

　　n. a special right or advantage available only to a particular person or group of people 特权;优惠

　　given

　　prep.考虑到

　　a. 1. 规定的;特定的

　　2. 假设的;已知的

　　* attach

　　vt. (to) 1. consider that sb. has (a certain quality) 认为有;使与…相关联

　　2. fasten or join 系;贴;连接

　　womanhood

　　n. women in general; the state of being a woman (总称)妇女;女子的身份或状态

　　* gender

　　n. 1. (生理上的)性

　　2. (名词、代词等的)性

　　equality

　　n. the state of being equal, esp. in status, rights, etc. *等

　　deference

　　n. respect 尊敬，敬重

　　urgent

　　a. requiring immediate attention or action 紧迫的，紧要的

　　* complement

　　vt. add new or contrasting features which show the best qualities of (sth.) or which improve (it) 补充，补足

　　* constraint

　　n. limitation or restriction 约束，限制

　　* constrain

　　vt. 1. force (sb.) to act in a particular way 强迫

　　2. prevent (sth.) from developing freely 限制，束缚

　　restructure

　　vt. arrange (a system or organisation) in a new way to make it work more effectively 重建;改组;调整

　　evolutionary

　　a. of or resulting from evolution; developing gradually 进化论的;演变的

　　instinct

　　n. behavior or knowledge that one has without being taught 本能

　　perpetuate

　　a. make (sth.) continue for a long time; carry (sth.) on 使永久;保持

　　* perpetual

　　a. lasting forever or for a long time 永久性的;长期的

　　indispensable

　　a. essential 必不可少的

　　repopulate

　　vt. 重新构成…的人口;重新居住于

　　biologically

　　ad. 从生物学的角度

　　logic

　　n. a way of reasoning 推理(法)

　　depress

　　vt. 1. sadden and discourage 使抑郁，使沮丧

　　2. cause to sink to a lower level of position 使不景气，使萧条

　　reductionism

　　n. the practice of showing prejudice because of the tendency to reduce women to a lower status 视妇女低人一等的歧视性做法

　　reduction

　　n. making or becoming smaller; the amount taken off in making sth. smaller 减少(量);削减(数)

　　version

　　n. 1. one person"s account of an event, as compared with that of another person 描述，说法

　　2. 版本;改写本

　　geneticist

　　n. 遗传学家

　　egg-layer

　　n. 生育机器

　　* courtesy

　　n. 1. polite behavior; good manners 谦恭有礼;有礼的举止

　　2. a polite or kind action or expression 好意;恩惠

　　survival

　　n. continuing to live or exist, often in spite of difficulty or danger 生存;幸存

　　strategy

　　n. a plan, often for business or military aims 策略，计谋

　　strategic

　　a. 战略(上)的;战略上重要的

　　parental

　　a. 父母(似)的

　　maternal

　　a. of or like a mother 母亲(般)的

　　breast

　　n. 乳房;胸部;胸膛

　　* cradle

　　n. a small bed for a baby, usu. shaped like an open box, that rocks from side to side 摇篮

　　v. 轻轻地抱，拥抱

　　kiddie-centrism

　　n. the notion that children are most important 小孩中心论

　　cruise

　　n. a sea voyage for pleasure 海上航游

　　vt. sail or move at a constant speed that is unhurried and comfortable 航游;巡航;缓慢巡行

　　scenario

　　n. a written outline of a film, play, etc. 电影剧本;剧本提纲

　　* sheer

　　a. 1. pure; nothing other than (often used in descriptions of sth. surprising, outrageous, inexplicable, etc.) 完全的，十足的

　　2. (of fabric) very thin, light and almost transparent (织物)极簿的;透明的

　　3. very steep 陡峭的;垂直的

　　stalemate

　　n. a stage of a dispute, contest, etc. at which further progress is impossible for both sides 僵局;僵持阶段

21世纪大学英语读写教程第三册Unit2课文讲解3

　　priority seating

　　(the practice of) certain people being given a place to sit before other people 优先安排座位

　　at/from a distance

　　from a place that is not very close; a long time after sth. happened 隔开一段距离(或时间);从远处

　　object to

　　oppose; be against 反对，不赞成

　　at random

　　without conscious choice 胡乱地，随便地，任意地

　　gun down

　　shoot, causing to fall to the ground dead or wounded 枪杀;开枪打伤

　　be entitled to

　　be given the right to have or do (sth.) 有权，有资格

　　fend for oneself

　　look after oneself 照料自己

　　attach sth. to sth.

　　connect sth. to/with sth. else; associate sth. with sth. else; fasten sth. to sth. else 使相关联;使连接在一起

　　hand out

　　distribute 分发，散发

　　go down

　　sink (船等)下沉

21世纪大学英语读写教程第三册Unit2课文讲解60篇（扩展3）

——21世纪大学英语读写教程第三册Unit7课文讲解 (菁选2篇)

21世纪大学英语读写教程第三册Unit7课文讲解1

　　so-so

　　a.& ad.(infml) neither very bad(ly) nor very good/well 不好也不坏的(地)

　　mom

　　n. (美口)妈妈

　　incompetence

　　n. the lack of skill or ability to do a task successfully 不胜任，不称职

　　* competence

　　n. skill or ability to do a task successfully 能力;称职

　　boring

　　a. dull and uninteresting 乏味的;令人厌倦的

　　leisure

　　n. time free from work or other duties; spare time 闲暇

　　gym

　　n. (infml) (=gymnasium) a room or hall with apparatus for physical exercise 体操馆;健身房

　　gym shoe

　　n. 体操鞋，球鞋

　　sole

　　n. the bottom part of a shoe or sock 鞋底;袜底

　　a. being the only one; belonging to one and no others 唯一的;独占的

　　enthusiast

　　n. a person who is very interested in sth. 热衷于…的人

　　squeeze

　　vt. 1. force or press (sb. or sth. into a small space) 硬塞，硬挤

　　2. press firmly from two sides 挤压，榨

　　n. 1. an act of pressing in from two sides 挤压，榨

　　2. tight economic circumstances 经济困难;拮据

　　tights

　　n. [复]女用(连)*

　　leg warmers

　　n. [复]暖腿套

　　warm-up

　　n. an act or a period of preparation for physical exercise, a performance, etc. 准备活动;准备练习

　　* overhear

　　vt. hear (sb., a conversation, etc.) without the knowledge of the speaker(s); hear by chance 偷听到;无意中听到

　　goal kick

　　n. 球门球

　　* slaughter

　　vt. 1. kill (an animal), esp. for food; kill (people or animals) violently and in large numbers 屠宰;屠杀

　　2. (infml) defeat (sb.) badly in sports or games (口)使惨败

　　wreck

　　n. 1. (usu. sing) (infml) a person whose health, esp. mental health, has been seriously damaged 受到严重损害的人

　　2. a ship lost at sea; a plane, car, etc. which is badly damaged in an accident 遇难船只;失事飞机等的残骸

　　vt. cause (a ship) to be destroyed; (fig.) destroy, ruin 造成(船舶等)失事;(喻)破坏

　　orchestra

　　n. a (usu. large) group of people playing various musical instruments together 管弦乐队

　　limit

　　n. (oft. pl.) the greatest extent of sth. that is possible or allowed 限度;范围

　　vt. keep within a certain size, amount, number, area, or place; restrict 限制;限定

　　limited

　　a. small in amount, power and not able to increase 有限的

　　tidy

　　vt. make (sb. or sth.) neat or in order 使整洁，使整齐

　　a. neat and in order; liking things to be neatly arranged 整洁的;爱整洁的

　　* recreation

　　n. an activity done for enjoyment when one is not working 消遣，娱乐

　　self-improvement

　　n. improvement of one"s character, mind, etc., by one"s own efforts 自我改进，自我修养

　　grimly

　　ad. in a determined manner 坚定地;不屈地

　　* insane

　　a. 1. 精神病患者的;为疯人而设的

　　2. (of people or their acts) mad (患)精神病的;精神失常的

　　asylum

　　n. 收容所;精神病院

　　insane asylum

　　n. a mental hospital 精神病院

　　sanity

　　n. the state of having a normal healthy mind; the state of being sensible or reasonable; good sound judgement 神智健全;清醒，明智

　　opera

　　n. 歌剧

　　peculiar-looking

　　a. 奇形怪状的

　　peculiar

　　a. 1. odd, strange 奇特的，古怪的

　　2. (to) belonging, relating only (to a particular person, place or time) 独有的，特有的

　　clay

　　n. 黏土

　　homemade

　　a. made at home, rather than in a shop or factory 家制的;做得简单粗糙的

　　discourage

　　vt. take away (sb."s) confidence or (sb."s) hope of doing sth. 使泄气，使灰心

　　* stumble

　　vi. 1. walk in a clumsy way 跌跌撞撞地走

　　2. speak or perform with many mistakes or hesitations 结结巴巴地说话

　　gracelessly

　　ad. not attractively or elegantly; in a clumsy manner 不优美地，笨拙地

　　grace

　　n. 1. elegance in movement or behaviour 优美;风度

　　2. kindness; willingness to do what is right 善意;体谅

　　graceful

　　a. 1. (of movement or shape) attractive to see 优美的"

　　2. (of a speech or feeling) suitably and pleasantly expressed 优雅的;得体的

　　* gracious

　　a. polite, kind and pleasant, esp. to people of a lower social position 亲切的，和蔼的

21世纪大学英语读写教程第三册Unit7课文讲解2

　　tone up

　　make (one"s body) stronger, fitter, etc. 使更强壮，使更健康

　　pull on

　　put (sth.) on by pulling 穿上，戴上

　　a big deal

　　sth. important 了不起的事，大事

　　take up

　　start to learn or practice (a hobby) 开始从事

　　in good shape

　　in good condition 处于良好状况

　　be committed to

　　care a lot about (a cause, one"s job. etc.); be loyal to (a particular ideal) 献身于，忠诚于

　　squeeze into

　　force or press into a narrow or restricted space 硬塞进…，硬挤入…

　　as it happens

　　(used before saying sth. surprising) actually; in fact 碰巧，偶然

　　blow it

　　(俚)把这事弄得一团糟

　　keep score

　　(在比赛中)记分

　　get in the way (of sth./of -ing); get in sb."s way

　　prevent or interfere with sth.; prevent sb. from doing sth.; block sb."s progress 妨碍;挡道

　　kind of

　　(infml) somewhat; to some extent (口)有点儿;可以这么说

　　eat up

　　use (sth.) in large quantities 消耗;用完

　　have a shot at

　　(infml) attempt to do (sth.) (口)尝试;试着去做(某事)

　　put off

　　delay (doing sth.) 推迟;拖延

　　tidy up

　　make (sb./oneself/sth.) neat and orderly 整理，收拾

　　put a stop to

　　ensure that a process, habit, etc., ends and will not be repeated 制止，使停止

　　make sth. out of

　　construct, create or prepare sth. by combining materials or putting parts together 用…做出…

　　fool around

　　behave in a manner that isn"t serious; waste time; do sth. just for fun (口)闲荡，混日子

　　out of shape

　　not fit 处于不良的(健康)状况

　　in no time

　　very quickly 立刻，马上

21世纪大学英语读写教程第三册Unit2课文讲解60篇（扩展4）

——21世纪大学英语读写教程第4册单元10课文及词汇讲解3篇

21世纪大学英语读写教程第4册单元10课文及词汇讲解1

　　Neil Postman

　　Author"s Note: Having sat through two dozen or so graduation speeches, I have naturally wondered why they are so often so bad. One reason, of course, is that the speakers are chosen for their eminence in some field, and not because they are either competent speakers or gifted writers. Another reason is that the audience is eager to be done with all the ceremony so that it can proceed to some serious reveling. Thus any speech longer than, say, fifteen minutes will seem tedious, if not entirely pointless. There are other reasons as well, including the difficulty of saying something inspirational without being b*. Here I try my hand at writing a graduation speech, and not merely to discover if I can conquer the form. This is precisely what I would like to say to young people if I had their attention for a few minutes.

　　If you think my graduation speech is good, I hereby grant you permission to use it, without further approval from or credit to me, should you be in an appropriate situation.

　　Members of the faculty, parents, guests and graduates, have no fear. I am well aware that on a day of such high excitement, what you require, first and foremost, of any speaker is brevity. I shall not fail you in this respect. There are exactly eighty-five sentences in my speech, four of which you have just heard. It will take me about twelve minutes to speak all of them and I must tell you that such economy was not easy for me to arrange, because I have chosen as my to//.oh100.com/picplex subject of your ancestors. Not, of course, your biological ancestors, about whom I know nothing, but your spiritual ancestors, about whom I know a little. To be specific, I want to tell you about two groups of people whose influence is still with us. They were very different from each other, representing opposite values and traditions. I think it is appropriate for you to be reminded of them on this day because, sooner than you know, you must align yourself with the spirit of one or the other.

　　The first group lived about 2,500 years ago in the place we now call Greece, in a city they called Athens. We do not know as much about their origins as we would like. But we do know a great deal about their accomplishments. They were, for example, the first people to develop a complete alphabet, and therefore they became the first truly literate population on earth. They invented the idea of political democracy, which they practiced with a vigor that puts us to shame. They invented what we call philosophy. And they also invented what we call science, and one of them—Democritus by name—conceived of the atomic theory of matter 2,300 years before it occurred to any modern scientist. They composed and sang epic poems of unsurpassed beauty and insight. And they wrote and performed plays that, almost three millennia later, still have the power to make audiences laugh and weep. They even invented what, today, we call the Olympics, and among their values none stood higher than that in all things one should strive for excellence. They believed in reason. They believed in beauty. They believed in moderation. And they invented the word and idea which we know today as ecology.

　　About 2,000 years ago, the vitality of their culture declined and these people began to disappear. But not what they had created. Their imagination, art, politics, literature, and language spread all over the world so that, today, it is hardly possible to speak on any subject without repeating what some Athenian said on the matter 2,500 years ago.

　　The second group of people lived in the place we now call Germany, and flourished about 1,700 years ago. We call them the Visigoths, and you may remember that your sixth-or seventh-grade teacher mentioned them. They were spectacularly good horsemen, which is about the only pleasant thing history can say of them. They were marauders—ruthless and brutal. Their language lacked subtlety and depth. Their art was crude and even grotesque. They swept down through Europe destroying everything in their path, and they overran the Roman Empire. There was nothing a Visigoth like better than to burn a book, desecrate a building, or smash a work of art. From the Visigoths, we have no poetry, no theater, no logic, no science, no humane politics.

　　Like the Athenians, the Visigoths also disappeared, but not before they had ushered in the period known as the Dark Ages. It took Europe almost a thousand years to recover from the Visigoths.

　　Now, the point I want to make is that the Athenians and the Visigoths still survive, and they do so through us and the ways in which we conduct our lives. All around us—in this hall, in this community, in our city—there are people whose way of looking at the world reflects the way of the Athenians, and there are people whose way is the way of the Visigoths. I do not mean, of course, that our modern—day Athenians roam abstractly through the streets reciting poetry and philosophy, or that the modern-day Visigoths are killers. I mean that to be an Athenian or a Visigoth is to organize your life around a set of values. An Athenian is an idea. And a Visigoth is an idea. Let me tell you briefly what these ideas consist of.

　　To be an Athenian is to hold knowledge and, especially, the quest for knowledge in high esteem. To contemplate, to reason, to experiment, to question—these are, to an Athenian, the most exalted activities a person can perform. To a Visigoth, the quest for knowledge is useless unless it can help you to earn money or to gain power over other people.

　　To be an Athenian is to cherish language because you believe it to be humankind"s most precious gift. In their use of language, Athenians strive for grace, precision, and variety. And they admire those who can achieve such skill. To a Visigoth, one word is as good as another, one sentence indistinguishable from another. A Visigoth"s language aspires to nothing higher than the cliche.

　　To be an Athenian is to understand that the thread which hold civilized society together is thin and vulnerable; therefore, Athenians place great value on tradition, social restraint, and continuity. To an Athenian, bad manners are acts of violence against the social order. The modern Visigoth cares very little about any of this. The Visigoths think of themselves as the center of the universe. Tradition exists for their own convenience, good manners are an affectation and a burden, and history is merely what is in yesterday"s paper.

　　To be an Athenian is to take interest in public affairs and the improvement of public behavior. Indeed, the ancient Athenians had a word for people who did not. The word was idiotes, from which we get our word idiot. A modern Visigoth is interested only in his own affairs and has no sense of the meaning of community.

　　And, finally, to be an Athenian is to esteem the discipline, skill, and taste that are required to produce enduring art. Therefore, in approaching a work of art, Athenians prepare their imagination through learning and experience. To a Visigoth, there is no measure of artistic excellence except popularity. What catches the fancy of the multitude is good. No other standard is respected or even acknowledged by the Visigoth.

　　Now, it must be obvious what all this has to do with you. Eventually, like the rest of us, you must be on one side or the other. You must be an Athenian or a Visigoth. Of course, it is much harder to be an Athenian, for you must learn how to be one, you must work at being one, whereas we are all, in a way, natural-born Visigoths. That is why there are so many more Visigoths than Athenians. And I must tell you that you do not become an Athenian merely by attending school or accumulating degrees. My father-in-law was one of the most committed Athenians I have ever known, and he spent his entire * life as a dress cutter on Seventh Avenue in New York City. On the other hand, I have known physicians, lawyers, and engineers who are Visigoths of unmistakable persuasion. And I must also tell you, as much in sorrow as in shame, that at some of our great universities, perhaps even this one, there are professors of whom we may fairly say they are closet Visigoths. And yet, you must not doubt for a moment that a school, after all, is essentially an Athenian idea. There is a direct link between the cultural achievements of Athens and what the faculty of this university is all about. I have no difficulty imagining that Plato, Aristotle, or Democritus would be quite at home in our classrooms. A Visigoth would merely scrawl obscenities on the wall.

　　And so, whether you were aware of it or not, the purpose of your having been at this university was to give you a glimpse of the Athenian way, to interest you in the Athenian way. We cannot know on this day how many of you will choose the way and how many will not. You are young and it is not given to us to see your future. But I will tell you this, with which I will close: I can wish for you no higher compliment than that in the future it will be reported that among your graduating class the Athenians mightily outnumbered the Visigoths.

　　Thank you, and congratulations.

21世纪大学英语读写教程第4册单元10课文及词汇讲解2

　　sit through

　　remain seated until the end of; be present at 一直坐到…结束;出席

　　be/have done with

　　have finished with; be finished with 结束;完毕

　　first and foremost

　　most importantly; above all else 最重要的;首先

　　align oneself with sb.

　　join sb. as an ally; come into agreement with sb. 与某人结盟;与某人一致

　　put...to shame

　　cause shame to (sb./sth.); show (sb./sth.) to be inferior by comparison 使(某人/某事)蒙羞;使(某人/某事)相形见绌

　　sweep down

　　move steadily with great force or speed 席卷;突袭

　　usher in

　　introduce or mark the beginning of a new period, fashion, generation, etc. 引进(新时期、新一代等);标志着(新时期、新时尚、新一代)的开始

　　known as

　　generally recognized as; called or labeled as 公认为;被称为

　　hold...in high esteem

　　have a very favorable opinion of; show great respect to 给…以好评;对…非常尊敬

　　aspire to

　　desire strongly to achieve (sth.); have ambition for (sth.) 渴望取得;对…抱有雄心

　　take interest in

　　be keen to know more about (sth.) or be involved in (it) 对…感兴趣

　　catch the fancy of sb./sb."s fancy

　　please sb.; appeal to sb. 合某人的心意;吸引某人

　　have to do with

　　be connected with; be related to 与…有联系;与…有关

　　at home

　　at ease as if in one"s own home; familiar 自在;无拘无束;熟悉

21世纪大学英语读写教程第4册单元10课文及词汇讲解3

　　Neil Postman

　　尼尔·波斯特曼

　　Greece

　　希腊(欧洲巴尔干半岛南部国家)

　　Athens

　　雅典(希腊首都)

　　Democritus

　　德谟克利特(460—370 BC，古希腊唯物主义哲学家，原子论创始人之一)

　　Athenian

　　雅典人

　　Visigoth

　　西哥特人(公元5世纪*侵罗马帝国并在法国和西班牙建立王国的条顿族人)

　　the Dark Ages

　　黑暗时代(公元5世纪至11世纪，欧洲中世纪的早期)

　　Plato

　　柏拉图(427—347 BC，古希腊哲学家)

　　Aristotle

　　亚里士多德(384—322 BC，古希腊哲学家和科学家，柏拉图的学生)

21世纪大学英语读写教程第三册Unit2课文讲解60篇（扩展5）

——21世纪大学英语读写教程第一册单元7课文讲解60篇

21世纪大学英语读写教程第一册单元7课文讲解1

　　Roger Wilkins

　　My favorite teacher"s name was "Dead-Eye" Bean. Her real name was Dorothy. She taught American history to eighth graders in a junior high school in Grand Rapids, Michigan. It was the fall of 1944, Franklin D. Roosevelt was president; American troops were battling their way across France; I was a 12-year-old black newcomer in a school that was otherwise all white. When we moved in, the problem for our new neighbors was that their neighborhood had previously been all-white and they were ignorant about black people. The prevailing wisdom in the neighborhood was that we were spoiling it and that we ought to go back where we belonged. There was a lot of angry talk among the *s, but nothing much came of it.

　　But some of the kids were quite nasty during those first few weeks. They threw stones at me, chased me home when I was on foot and spat on my bike seat when I was in class. For a time, I was a pretty lonely, friendless and sometimes frightened kid.

　　I now know that Dorothy Bean understood most of that and deplored it. So things began to change when I walked into her classroom. She was a pleasant-looking single woman, who looked old and wrinkled to me at the time, but who was probably about 40.

　　Whereas my other teachers approached the problem of easing in their new black pupil by ignoring him for the first few weeks, Miss Bean went right at me. On the morning after having read our first assignment, she asked me the first question. I later came to know that in Grand Rapids, she was viewed as a very liberal person who believed, among other things, that Negroes were equal.

　　I gulped and answered her question and the follow-up. They weren"t brilliant answers, but they did establish the fact that I could speak English. Later in the hour, when one of my classmates had bungled an answer, Miss Bean came back to me with a question that required me to clean up the girl"s mess and established me as a smart person.

　　Thus, the teacher began to give me human dimensions, though not perfect ones for an eighth grader. It was somewhat better to be, on one"s early days, a teacher"s pet than merely a dark presence in the back of the room.

　　A few days later, Miss Bean became the first teacher ever to require me to think. She asked my opinion about something Jefferson had done. In those days, all my opinions were derivative. I was for Roosevelt because my parents were and I was for the Yankees because my older buddy from Harlem was a Yankee fan. Besides, we didn"t have opinions about historical figures like Jefferson. Like our high school building, he just was.

　　After I had stared at her for a few seconds, she said: "Well, should he have bought Louisiana or not?"

　　"I guess so," I replied tentatively.

　　"Why?" she shot back.

　　Why! What kind of question was that? But I ventured an answer. Day after day, she kept doing that to me, and my answers became stronger and more confident. She was the first teacher to give me the sense that thinking was part of education and that I could form opinions that had some value.

　　Her final service to me came on a day when my mind was wandering and I was idly digging my pencil into the writing surface on the arm of my chair. Miss Bean impulsively threw a hunk of gum eraser at me. By amazing chance, it hit my hand and sent the pencil flying. She gasped, and I crept hurriedly after my pencil as the class roared.

　　That was the ice breaker. Afterward, kids came up to me to laugh about "Old Dead-Eye Bean." The incident became a legend, and I, a part of that story, became a person to talk to.

　　So that"s how I became just another kid in school and Dorothy Bean became "Old Dead-Eye."

21世纪大学英语读写教程第一册单元7课文讲解2

　　Listen to the tape again. Then, choose the best answer to each of the following questions.

　　1. How did their new white neighbors treat the author"s family?

　　A) Both the *s and the children were welcoming.

　　B) The *s were welcoming, but the children were unfriendly.

　　C) The *s were unfriendly, but the children were welcoming.

　　D) Both the *s and the children were unfriendly.

　　2. How did Miss Bean treat the black student in class?

　　A) She ignored him.

　　B) She asked him only easy questions.

　　C) She asked him difficult questions.

　　D) She apologized for the other students" behavior.

　　3. How did Miss Bean teach the author to think for himself?

　　A) She made him memorize sayings about the old west.

　　B) She made him give his opinions and tell why he thought that way.

　　C) She made him study the history of France.

　　D) She threw an eraser at him.

　　4. After Miss Bean threw the eraser, how was the school different?

　　A) Miss Bean had a new nickname.

　　B) The other students were more friendly towards the black student.

　　C) Everyone paid more attention in Miss Bean"s class.

　　D) Both A) and B).

21世纪大学英语读写教程第三册Unit2课文讲解60篇（扩展6）

——21世纪大学英语读写教程第三册Unit4大学压力60篇

21世纪大学英语读写教程第三册Unit4大学压力1

　　1. As you listen to the passage, fill in as much information as you can about Annette"s plans.

　　Friday evening:

　　During the coming month:

　　Next term:

　　In the fall:

　　Next spring:

　　2. How did you feel while you were listening to Annette? What was it like trying to keep up with her? How do students like Annette make you feel?

21世纪大学英语读写教程第三册Unit4大学压力2

　　William Zinsser

　　I am master of Branford College at Yale. I live on the campus and know the students well. (We have 485 of them.) I listen to their hopes and fears — and also to their stereo music and their piercing cries in the dead of night ("Does anybody care?"). They come to me to ask how to get through the rest of their lives.

　　Mainly I try to remind them that the road ahead is a long one and that it will have more unexpected turns than they think. There will be plenty of time to change jobs, change careers, change whole attitudes and approaches. They don"t want to hear such news. They want a map — right now — that they can follow directly to career security, financial security, social security and, presumably, a prepaid grave.

　　What I wish for all students is some release from the grim grip of the future. I wish them a chance to enjoy each segment of their education as an experience in itself and not as a tiresome requirement in preparation for the next step. I wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to learn that defeat is as educational as victory and is not the end of the world.

　　My wish, of course, is naive. One of the few rights that America does not proclaim is the right to fail. Achievement is the national god, worshipped in our media — the million-dollar athlete, the wealthy executive — and glorified in our praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state religion, the young are growing up old.

　　I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure. It"s easy to look around for bad guys — to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the professors for assigning too much work, the parents for pushing their children too far, the students for driving themselves too hard. But there are no bad guys, only victims.

　　Today it is not unusual for a student, even one who works part time at college and full time during the summer, to have accumulated $5,000 in loans after four years — loans that the student must start to repay within one year after graduation (and incidentally, not all these loans are low-interest, as many non-students believe). Encouraged at the commencement ceremony to go forth into the world, students are already behind as they go forth. How can they not feel under pressure throughout college to prepare for this day of reckoning? Women at Yale are under even more pressure than men to justify their expensive education to themselves, their parents, and society. For although they leave college superbly equipped to bring fresh leadership to traditionally male jobs, society hasn"t yet caught up with this fact.

　　Along with economic pressure goes parental pressure. Inevitably, the two are dee* intertwined. I see students taking premedical courses with joyless determination. They go off to their labs as if they were going to the dentist. It saddens me because I know them in other corners of their life as cheerful people.

　　"Do you want to go to medical school?" I ask them.

　　"I guess so," they say, without conviction, or, "Not really."

　　"Then why are you going?"

　　"My parents want me to be a doctor. They"re paying all this money and..."

　　Peer pressure and self-induced pressure are also intertwined, and they begin from the very start of freshman year. "I had a freshman student I"ll call Linda," one instructor told me, "who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbara, was much brighter and studied all the time. I couldn"t tell her that Barbara had come in two hours earlier to say the same thing about Linda."

　　The story is almost funny — except that it"s not. It"s a symptom of all the pressures put together. When every student thinks every other student is working harder and doing better, the only solution is to study harder still. I see students going off to the library every night after dinner and coming back when it closes at midnight. I wish they could sometimes forget about their peers and go to a movie. I hear the rattling of typewriters in the hours before dawn. I see the tension in their eyes when exams are approaching and papers are due: "Will I get everything done?"

　　Probably they won"t. They will get sick. They will sleep. They will oversleep. They will bug out.

　　I"ve painted too grim a portrait of today"s students, making them seem too solemn. That"s only half of their story; the other half is that these students are nice people, and easy to like. They"re quick to laugh and to offer friendship. They"re more considerate of one another than any student generation I"ve ever known. If I"ve described them primarily as driven creatures who largely ignore the joyful side of life, it"s because that"s where the problem is — not only at Yale but throughout American education. It"s why I think we should all be worried about the values that are nurturing a generation so fearful of risk and so goal-obsessed at such an early age.

　　I tell students that there is no one "right" way to get ahead — that each of them is a different person, starting from a different point and bound for a different destination. I tell them that change is healthy and that people don"t have to fit into pre-arranged slots. One of my ways of telling them is to invite men and women who have achieved success outside the academic world to come and talk informally with my students during the year. I invite heads of companies, editors of magazines, politicians, Broadway producers, artists, writers, economists, photographers, scientists, historians — a mixed bag of achievers.

　　I ask them to say a few words about how they got started. The students always assume that they started in their present profession and knew all along that it was what they wanted to do. But in fact, most of them got where they are by a circuitous route, after many side trips. The students are startled. They can hardly conceive of a career that was not preplanned. They can hardly imagine allowing the hand of God or chance to lead them down some unforeseen trail.

21世纪大学英语读写教程第三册Unit4大学压力3

　　campus

　　n. the grounds of a university, college or school; a university 大学校园，学校校园;大学

　　piercing

　　a. (of voices, sounds, etc.) very sharp, esp. in an unpleasant way (声音等)尖厉的，刺耳的

　　pierce

　　vi. make a hole in or through (sth.) with a sharp point 刺穿，戳穿

　　presumably

　　ad. it may be supposed; probably 假定;可能

　　* presume

　　v. believe sth. to be true without direct proof but with some feeling of being certain; suppose (没有根据地)相信;推测

　　grave

　　n. the place where a dead person is buried 坟墓

　　a. serious or solemn in manner; (of a situation) serious and worrying 严肃的，庄严的;(形势)严重的.

　　gravity

　　n. 1. 严肃，庄严;严重

　　2. 重力;地心引力

　　grip

　　n. a firm hold; control 紧握;控制

　　vt. 1. take a very tight hold (of) 握紧，紧握

　　2. take hold of the attention or feelings of 吸引;引起

　　* segment

　　n. a part of sth. 部分

　　preparation

　　n. arrangement for a future event 准备

　　wealthy

　　a. rich 富有的

　　glorify

　　vt. praise highly 颂扬，赞颂

　　glory

　　n. great fame, honor, and admiration 光荣;荣誉

　　potent

　　a. powerful, strong, forceful or effective 强有力的;有权势的;有效力的

　　self-induced

　　caused or brought about by oneself 自己导致的

　　* induce

　　vt. lead or cause (sb.) to do sth.; persuade or influence (sb.) to do sth. 导致;劝使，诱导

　　* incidentally

　　ad. by the way 顺便说一句

　　commencement

　　n. 1. (AmE) a ceremony at which university or college students are given their degrees or diplomas (美)毕业典礼;学位授予典礼

　　2. beginning of sth. 开始

　　commence

　　v. begin; start 开始;着手

　　ceremony

　　n. 典礼，仪式

　　commencement ceremony

　　(AmE) a college or university graduation ceremony (美)毕业典礼

　　reckoning

　　n. settlement of an account or a bill; (fig.) punishment 结帐;(喻)算帐，惩罚

　　reckon

　　vt. 1. calculate; add up (an amount, cost, etc.) 计算;算出(数量、费用等)

　　2. consider, regard 认为，把…看作

　　day of reckoning

　　(a Biblical reference) the time when one must eventually be punished for what one has done wrong (源自《圣经》)清算日，最后审判日

　　equip

　　vt. prepare (sb.) for dealing with a particular situation by providing necessary tools, education, etc.; su* (sb./ sth. with what is needed for a particular purpose) (智力、体力上)使有准备;配备，装备

　　inevitably

　　ad. 不可必免地;必然发生地

　　inevitable

　　a. which cannot be avoided or prevented from happening; certain to happen 不可避免的;必然发生的

　　intertwined

　　a. joined tightly together; very closely connected 互相缠结的，缠绕在一起的

　　premedical

　　a. preparing for the study of medicine 医学预科的

　　* dentist

　　n. a doctor trained to take care of people"s teeth 牙医

　　cheerful

　　a. in good spirit; causing a happy feeling 兴高采烈的;使人愉快的

　　conviction

　　n. a firm opinion or belief 深信，确信;把握

　　roommate

　　n. 住在同室的人，室友

　　typewriter

　　n. 打字机

　　* bug

　　vt. 1. (AmE) (infml) trouble (sb.) continually (美俚)烦扰，纠缠

　　2. (infml) fit with a secret listening apparatus (口)在…装qie听器

　　n. (AmE) a tiny insect, esp. one that causes damage; (infml) a fault or difficulty (美)虫子;(口)故障;毛病

　　considerate

　　a. careful not to hurt or trouble others; thoughtful 考虑周到的;替人着想的

　　fearful

　　a. afraid, anxious 惧怕的，忧虑的

　　goal-obsessed

　　a. extremely eager to realize one"s goals 一心要实现目标的

　　pre-arranged

　　a. planned or prepared in advance 预先准备好的

　　arrange

　　vt. 1. plan in advance; prepare 安排，准备

　　2. set in good or pleasing order 整理;排列

　　* slot

　　n. 1. a place or position in a schedule, list or series (口)(在机构、名单、程序等中的)位置，职位

　　2. a narrow opening in a tool or machine 狭长孔;狭槽

　　informally

　　ad. 非正式地;不拘礼节地

　　economist

　　n. an expert in economics 经济学家

　　a mixed bag

　　a group of people or things of different kinds and different qualities (人或物的)混合体;大杂烩

　　circuitous

　　a. indirect 迂回的，绕行的

　　circuit

　　n. 1. 环行;环行道

　　2. 电路;线路

　　circular

　　a. 1. 环行的，圆形的

　　2. 循环的

　　trail

　　n. a path, often through a forest or across rough ground (荒野中的)小径，小道

21世纪大学英语读写教程第三册Unit4大学压力4

　　in the dead of night

　　in the quietest part of the night 夜深人静之时

　　get through

　　complete successfully; manage to live through (a difficult experience or period of time) 完成;消磨，度过(时间)

　　right now

　　immediately; at this moment 立刻，马上

　　in itself

　　considered as a complete thing or experience, without thinking of effects, consequences, etc. 本身，实质上

　　in the presence of sb.

　　in the place where sb. is; with sb. there 在某人面前，当着某人的面

　　work on

　　affect; influence 对…起作用;影响

　　go forth (into)

　　set out 出发

　　under pressure

　　influenced by need or necessity; suffering stress 被催逼;在压力下

　　put together

　　(used after a noun or nouns referring to a group of people or things) combined; in total 合在一起

　　bug out

　　(AmE sl.) become mentally unbalanced (美俚)烦恼，困惑

　　be considerate of/to/toward sb.

　　pay attention to sb. "s needs, wishes, or feelings 替某人着想，体贴某人

　　be fearful of

　　be afraid of 惧怕

　　be bound for

　　intending to go to; going to 准备到…去;开往

　　fit into

　　be the right size or shape for; be suitable for 与…相符，与…相适应

　　all along

　　all the time; from the beginning 一直，始终;从一开始就

　　conceive of

　　think of 构想出;设想

21世纪大学英语读写教程第三册Unit2课文讲解60篇（扩展7）

——21世纪大学英语读写教程第3册Unit10课文详解 (菁选3篇)

21世纪大学英语读写教程第3册Unit10课文详解1

　　1. Before you listen to the passage, quickly note down your responses to the questions below. Don"t think too much before you respond — your first ideas are the best ones.

　　A) On a scale of one to ten, where ten is the most nervous you"ve ever felt in your life, how nervous do you feel right now?

　　B) On a scale of one to ten, where ten is the most exhausted you"ve ever felt in your life, how tired do you feel right now?

　　C) What are the three biggest problems that are worrying you today? Write down one-word "titles" for each of these three problems.

　　Now listen to the passage, and go on to the next questions afterwards.

　　2. After hearing the passage, do you feel more or less nervous than you did before? More or less tired? More or less worried about your problems?

　　3. How do you usually behave when you"re worried or nervous about something?

21世纪大学英语读写教程第3册Unit10课文详解2

　　Louis E. Kopolow, M.D.

　　You need stress in your life! Does that surprise you? Perhaps so, but it is quite true. Without stress, life would be dull and unexciting. Stress adds flavor, challenge, and opportunity to life. Too much stress, however, can seriously affect your physical and mental well-being. A major challenge in the stress-filled world of today is to learn how to cope with stress so that it doesn"t become overwhelming.

　　What kinds of things can cause too much stress in our lives? We often think of major crises such as natural disasters, war, and death as main sources of stress. These are, of course, stressful events. However, according to psychologist Wayne Weiten, on a day-to-day basis, it"s the small things that cause stress: waiting in line, having car trouble, getting stuck in a traffic jam, having too many things to do in a limited time.

　　Interestingly, stress is unique and personal to each of us. So personal, in fact, that what may be relaxing to one person may be stressful to another. For example, if you"re an executive who likes to keep busy all the time, "taking it easy" at the beach on a beautiful day may feel extremely frustrating, non-productive, and upsetting. You may be emotionally distressed from "doing nothing".

　　Hans Selye, M.D., a recognized expert in the field, has defined stress as a "non-specific response of the body to a demand." For the busy executive, the demand that causes stress might be to relax. For most of us, it"s a demand to act that causes stress. If we feel overwhelmed by pressure to do too much, we may not be able to function at all. In this case, the stress that can be good for us becomes distress, or bad stress. When stress becomes prolonged or particularly frustrating, it can become harmful, causing physical illness.

　　Reacting To Stress

　　The body responds to stressful events by going through three stages: (1) alarm, (2) resistance and (3) exhaustion. Let"s take the example of a ty//.oh100.com/picmuter in rush-hour traffic. If a car suddenly pulls out in front of him, his initial alarm reaction may include fear of an accident, anger at the driver who committed the action, and general frustration. His body may respond in the alarm stage by releasing chemicals into the bloodstream which cause his face to flush, perspiration to form, his stomach to have a sinking feeling, and his arms and legs to tighten. The next stage is resistance, in which the body repairs damage caused by the stress. If the stress of driving continues with repeated close calls or traffic jams, however, his body doesn"t have time to make repairs. He may become so conditioned to expect potential problems when he drives that he tightens up at the beginning of each commuting day. The third stage, exhaustion, occurs if the stress continues over a long period of time, and the body depletes its resources for fighting stress. The result may be illness: insomnia, headaches, backaches, ulcers, high blood pressure — even heart disease.

　　While you can"t live completely free of stress and distress, you can prevent some distress as well as minimize its impact. By recognizing the early signs of distress and then doing something about them, you can improve the quality of your life and perhaps even live longer.

　　Helping Yourself

　　When stress does occur, it"s important to recognize and deal with it. Here are some suggestions for handling stress. As you begin to understand more about how stress affects you as an individual, you"ll come up with your own ways to ease the tension.

　　Try physical activity. When you"re nervous, angry or upset, release the pressure through exercise or physical activity. Running, walking, playing tennis or working in your garden are just some of the activities you might try. Physical exercise will relieve the tension, relax you and turn the frowns into smiles. Remember, your body and your mind work together.

　　Share your stress. It helps to talk to someone about your concerns and worries. Perhaps a friend, family member, teacher or counselor can help you see your problem in a different light. If you feel your problem is serious, you might seek professional help from a psychologist, psychiatrist, social worker or mental health counselor. Knowing when to ask for help may help you avoid more serious problems later.

　　Know your limits. If a problem is beyond your control and can"t be changed at the moment, don"t fight the situation. Learn to accept what is — for now — until a time when you can change it.

　　Take care of yourself. You"re special. Get enough rest and eat well. If you"re irritable and tense from lack of sleep or if you aren"t eating correctly, you"ll have less ability to deal with stressful situations. If stress repeatedly keeps you from sleeping, you should ask your doctor for help.

　　Make time for fun. Schedule time for both work and recreation. Play can be just as important to your well-being as work; you need a break from your daily routine to just relax and have fun.

　　Be a participant. One way to keep from getting bored, sad, and lonely is to go somewhere where things are happening. Sitting alone can make you feel frustrated. Instead of feeling sorry for yourself, get involved and become a participant. Offer your services in volunteer organizations. Help yourself by helping other people. Get involved in the world and the people around you, and you"ll find they"ll be attracted to you. You"ll be on your way to making new friends and enjoying new activities.

　　Check off your tasks. Trying to take care of everything at once can seem overwhelming, and, as a result, you may not accomplish anything. Instead, make a list of what tasks you have to do, then do one at a time, check them off as they"re completed. Give priority to the most important ones and do those first.

　　Must you always be right? Do other people upset you — particularly when they don"t do things your way? Try cooperation instead of confrontation; it"s better than fighting and always being "right." A little give and take on both sides will reduce the strain and make you both feel more comfortable.

　　It"s OK to cry. A good cry can be a healthy way to bring relief to your anxiety, and it might even prevent a headache or other physical consequences. Take some deep breaths; they also release tension.

　　Create a quiet scene. You can"t always run away, but you can "dream the impossible dream." A quiet country scene painted mentally (or on canvas!) can let you escape from a stressful situation. Change the scene by reading a good book or playing beautiful music to create a sense of peace.

　　Avoid self-medication. Although you can use prescription or over-the-counter medications to relieve stress temporarily, they don"t eliminate the conditions that caused the stress in the first place. Medications, in fact, may be habit-forming and can also reduce your efficiency, thus creating more stress than they take away. They should be taken only on the advice of your doctor.

　　The Art of Relaxation

　　The best strategy for avoiding stress is to learn how to relax. Unfortunately many people try to relax at the same pace that they lead the rest of their lives. For a while, tune out your worries about time, productivity, and "doing right". You"ll find satisfaction in just being, without striving. Find activities that give you pleasure and that are good for your mental and physical well-being. Forget about always winning. Focus on relaxation, enjoyment, and health. Whatever method works for you, be good to yourself. If you don"t let stress get out of hand, you can actually make it work for you instead of against you.

21世纪大学英语读写教程第3册Unit10课文详解3

　　stress

　　n. force or pressure caused by difficulties in life 压力;紧张

　　well-being

　　n. the state of being healthy, happy, or prosperous 安康;安乐;幸福

　　* overwhelming

　　a. irresistible by force of numbers, influence, amount, etc. 压倒的，势不可挡的;无法抵抗的

　　stressful

　　a. 紧张的.;压力重的

　　distress

　　vt. subject to pressure, stress, or strain; make unhappy 使紧张;使苦恼;使痛苦

　　n. (精神上的)痛苦;苦恼

　　* prolong

　　vt. make longer; extend 延长;延伸

　　resistance

　　n. an act of resisting; desire to oppose sth. 抵抗;反抗;抵制;抗拒

　　resistant

　　a. having or showing resistance 抵抗的;反抗的

　　rush-hour

　　a. 交通高峰时间的

　　initial

　　a. occurring at the beginning; first or earliest 开头的;最初的

　　bloodstream

　　n. the blood as it flows through the body (体内的)血流

　　* flush

　　vi. turn red because of a rush of blood to the skin; blush (因皮肤充血而)变红;脸红

　　close call

　　n. a narrow escape from danger or an accident 侥幸脱险，死里逃生

　　condition

　　vt. accustom; train 使习惯;训练

　　deplete

　　vt. use up or exhaust 用光;耗尽

　　insomnia

　　n. inability to sleep; sleeplessness 失眠症;失眠

　　relieve

　　vt. ease or reduce (pain, anxiety or trouble) 解除或减轻(痛苦等)

　　social worker

　　n. a person who does work directed toward the betterment of social conditions in a community 社会福利工作者

　　irritable

　　a. easily made angry; impatient 易怒的;急躁的

　　* irritate

　　vt. make impatient or angry 使急躁;激怒

　　tense

　　a. nervous, anxious and unable to relax (心理或神经)紧张的，不安的

　　repeatedly

　　ad. again and again 一再，再三;反复地

　　volunteer

　　n. a person who enters any service of his own choice; a person who serves without pay 志愿者

　　a. of or made up of volunteers 志愿(者)的

　　confrontation

　　n. an open or direct clash; angry opposition 冲突;对抗

　　give and take

　　n. willingness to be mutually tolerant and forgiving within a relationship 互谅互让

　　anxiety

　　n. uneasy thoughts or fears about what may happen; troubled, worried, or uneasy feeling 焦虑;忧虑

　　self-medication

　　n. the act of taking medicines without the advice of a doctor 自我药疗

　　over-the-counter

　　a. (of medicine) that can be sold and bought without a doctor"s prescription (药)无医生处方也可合法出售的

　　habit-forming

　　a. (esp. of medicine, a drug, etc.) that can become impossible to stop taking because one"s body begins to need it (尤指药物、吸毒等)易使人上瘾的

　　efficiency

　　n. the ability to do things without waste of time or energy 效率

　　relaxation

　　n. 1. 松驰，放松

　　2. 休息;消遣;娱乐

　　* relax

　　v. 1. make or become less active or worried 放松，(使)轻松

　　2. make (effort or control) less severe 使…松懈;放宽

　　* strive

　　vi. try hard; make efforts 努力;奋斗

21世纪大学英语读写教程第三册Unit2课文讲解60篇（扩展8）

——21世纪大学英语读写教程第4册Unit9课文及词汇讲解 (菁选3篇)

21世纪大学英语读写教程第4册Unit9课文及词汇讲解1

　　Robert Temple

　　One of the greatest untold secrets of history is that the""modern world" in which we live is a unique synthesis of Chinese and Western ingredients. Possibly more than half of the basic inventions and discoveries upon which the "modern world" rests come from China. And yet few people know this. Why?

　　The Chinese themselves are as ignorant of this fact as Westerners. From the seventeenth century onwards, the Chinese became increasingly dazzled by European technological expertise, having experienced a period of amnesia regarding their own achievements. When the Chinese were shown a mechanical clock by Jesuit missionaries, they were awestruck. They had forgotten that it was they who had invented mechanical clocks in the first place!

　　It is just as much a surprise for the Chinese as for Westerners to realize that modern agriculture, modern shipping, the modern oil industry, modern astronomical observatories, modern music, decimal mathematics, paper money, umbrellas, fishing reels, wheelbarrows, multi-stage rockets, guns, underwater mines, poison gas, parachutes, hot-air balloons, manned flight, brandy, whisky, the game of chess, printing, and even the essential design of the steam engine, all came from China.

　　Without the importation from China of nautical and navigational improvements such as ships" rudders, the compass and multiple masts, the great European Voyages of Discovery could never have been undertaken. Columbus would not have sailed to America, and Europeans would never have established colonial empires.

　　Without the importation from China of the stirrup, to enable them to stay on horseback, knights of old would never have ridden in their shining armor to aid damsels in distress; there would have been no Age of Chivalry. And without the importation from China of guns and gunpowder, the knights would not have been knocked from their horses by bullets which pierced the armor, bringing the Age of Chivalry to an end.

　　Without the importation from China of paper and printing, Europe would have continued for much longer to copy books by hand. Literacy would not have become so widespread.

　　Johann Gutenberg did not invent movable type. It was invented in China. William Harvey did not discover the circulation of the blood in the body. It was discovered — or rather, always assumed — in China. Isaac Newton was not the first to discover his First Law of Motion. It was discovered in China.

　　These myths and many others are shattered by our discovery of the true Chinese origins of many of the things, all around us, which we take for granted. Some of our greatest achievements turn out to have been not achievements at all, but simple borrowings. Yet there is no reason for us to feel inferior or downcast at the realization that much of the genius of mankind"s advance was Chinese rather than European. For it is exciting to realize that the East and the West are not as far apart in spirit or in fact as most of us have been led, by appearances, to believe, and that the East and the West are already combined in a synthesis so powerful and so profound that it is all-pervading. Within this synthesis we live our daily lives, and from it there is no escape. The modern world is a combination of Eastern and Western ingredients which are inextricably fused. The fact that we are largely unaware of it is perhaps one of the greatest cases of historical blindness in the existence of the human race.

　　Why are we ignorant of this gigantic, obvious truth? The main reason is surely that the Chinese themselves lost sight of it. If the very originators of the inventions and discoveries no longer claim them, and if even their memory of them has faded, why should their inheritors trouble to resurrect their lost claims? Until our own time, it is questionable whether many Westerners even wanted to know the truth. It is always more satisfying to the ego to think that we have reached our present position alone and unaided, that we are the proud masters of all abilities and all crafts.

　　We need to set this matter right, from both ends. And I can think of no better single illustration of the folly of Western complacency and self-satisfaction than the lesson to be drawn from the history of agriculture. Today, a handful of Western nations have grain surpluses and feed the world. When Asia starves, the West sends grain. We assume that Western agriculture is the very pinnacle of what is possible in the productive use of soil for the growth of food. But we should take to heart the astonishing and disturbing fact that the European agricultural revolution, which laid the basis for the Industrial Revolution, came about only because of the importation of Chinese ideas and inventions. The growing of crops in rows, intensive hoeing of weeds, the "modern" seed drill, the iron plow, the moldboard to turn the plowed soil, and efficient harnesses were all imported from China. Before the arrival from China of the trace harness and collar harness, Westerners choked their horses with straps round their throats. Although ancient Italy could produce plenty of grain, it could not be transported overland to Rome for lack of satisfactory harnesses. Rome depended on shipments of grain by sea from places like Egypt. As for sowing methods — probably over half of Europe"s seed was wasted every year before the Chinese idea of the seed drill came to the attention of Europeans. Countless millions of farmers throughout European history broke their backs and their spirits by plowing with ridiculously poor plows, while for two thousand years the Chinese were enjoying their relatively effortless method. Indeed, until two centuries ago, the West was so backward in agriculture compared to China, that the West was the Underdeveloped World in comparison to the Chinese Developed World. The tables have now turned. But for how long? And what an uncomfortable realization it is that the West owes its very ability to eat today to the adoption of Chinese inventions two centuries ago.

　　It would be better if the nations and the peoples of the world had a clearer understanding of each other, allowing the mental chasm between East and West to be bridged. After all they are, and have been for several centuries, intimate partners in the business of building a world civilization. The technological world today is a product of both East and West to an extent which until recently no one had ever imagined. It is now time for the Chinese contribution to be recognized and acknowledged, by East and West alike. And, above all, let this be recognized by today"s schoolchildren, who will be the generation to absorb it into their most conceptions about the world. When that happens, Chinese and Westerners will be able to look each other in the eye, knowing themselves to be true and full partners.

21世纪大学英语读写教程第4册Unit9课文及词汇讲解2

　　untold

　　a. not told to anyone 未说过的，未被讲述的;未透露的

　　synthesis

　　n. (pl syntheses / -si:z /) the combining of separate things, esp. ideas, to form a complex whole 综合，结合，综合体

　　Westerner

　　n. a native or inhabitant of the West, i.e. Europe and North America 西方人，欧美人

　　onwards

　　ad. forward in time or space 向前

　　dazzle

　　vt. (often passive) to impress sb. greatly through beauty, knowledge, skill, etc. 使昏眩;使惊奇;使赞叹不已;使倾倒

　　amnesia

　　n. partial or total loss of memory [医] 记忆缺失;遗忘(症)

　　regarding

　　prep.with reference to; concerning 关于;至于;就…而论，在…方面

　　awestruck

　　a. suddenly filled with wonder and respect or fear 充满敬畏(或畏怯、惊奇)之心

　　astronomical

　　a. of astronomy 天文学的;天文的，天体的

　　decimal

　　a. based on or counted in tens or tenths 小数的;十进位的

　　wheelbarrow

　　n. (also barrow) an open container for moving small loads in, with a wheel at one end, and two legs and two handles at the other 手推车;独轮车

　　multi-stage

　　a. having many stages (火箭、导弹等)多级的

　　underwater

　　a. situated, used or done below the surface of the water 在水下的;供水下用的;在水中操作(或生长)的

　　parachute

　　n. 降落伞

　　hot-air

　　a. filled with heated air 热空气的

　　brandy

　　n. a strong alcoholic drink usu. made from wine 白兰地(酒)

　　whisky

　　n. (US or Irish whiskey) a strong alcoholic drink made from malted grain, esp. barley or rye 威士忌酒

　　importation

　　n. the act of bringing goods, services, ideas, etc. from a foreign country into one"s own country 进口;输入

　　nautical

　　a. of ships, sailors or sailing 船舶的;海员的;航海的

　　navigational

　　a. relating to the action, process or art of finding the position and direct the course of a ship, an aircraft, a car, etc., using maps, instruments, etc. 航行的;航海的`;航空的

　　navigation

　　n. 航行;航海;航空

　　rudder

　　n. a vertical piece of wood or metal at the back of a boat, used for steering (船的)舵

　　compass

　　n. (also magnetic compass) a device for finding direction. with a needle that always points to the north 罗盘(仪)，指南针

　　multiple

　　a. having or involving many individuals, items or types 多个(或多项、多种)的

　　n. <数> 倍数

　　multi*vt. 乘，使相乘

　　mast

　　n. an upright post of wood or metal used to support a ship"s sails 船桅，桅杆

　　voyage

　　n. a long journey, esp. by sea or in space 航行，(尤指)航海;航天

　　colonial

　　a. of, relating to or possessing a colony or colonies 殖民地的;拥有殖民地的

　　stirrup

　　n. either of a pair of metal or leather loops that hang down from a horse"s saddle to support a rider"s feet 马镫

　　knight

　　n. (欧洲中世纪的)骑士;(近代英国的)爵士(品位低于从男爵，其名前称号用 Sir)

　　armo(u)r

　　n. (formerly) a protective, usu. metal, covering for the body, worn when fighting 盔甲

　　damsel

　　n. (arch) a young woman who is not married (古)(诗)少女，姑娘;闺女

　　chivalry

　　n. (in the Middle Ages) the ideal qualities expected of a knight, such as courage, hono(u)r and concern for weak and helpless people 骑士品质(或气概、精神、道德标准、信条等)(如勇武、荣誉感、侠义、扶持弱小、慷慨、谦恭、尊敬女性、对敌人宽容等);骑士制度

　　gunpowder

　　n. explosive powder used esp. in bombs or fireworks 火药

　　bullet

　　n. a small missile with a pointed end that is fired from a gun 子弹

　　literacy

　　n. the ability to read and write 识字，有文化;读写能力

　　movable

　　a. that can be moved 可动的，活动的

　　circulation

　　n. the movement of blood round the body from and to the heart 血液循环

　　circulate

　　v. (使)环行;(使)环流;(使)循环

　　borrowingn. a thing borrowed, esp. money or a word taken by one language from another 借用;采用;借用物;借用词语

　　downcast

　　a. (of a person, an expression, etc.) depressed; sad 垂头丧气的;沮丧的

　　all-pervading

　　a. present and seen or felt everywhere 遍及各方面的;无孔不入的

　　inextricable

　　a. so closely linked that separation is impossible (绳结等)解不开的;分不开的

　　inextricably

　　ad. 紧密地;不可分割地

　　gigantic

　　a. of very great size or extent; huge 巨大的;庞大的

　　originator

　　n. a person who originates; inventor 创始人;发明者;创作者

　　inheritor

　　n. a person who receives money, property etc. as a result of the death of the previous owner 继承人;后继者

　　resurrect

　　vt. 1. bring (sb.) back to life again 使(某人)复活

　　2. revive (a practice, etc.); bring back into use 使(某种做法等)重新流行;重新唤起对…的记忆;重新使用

　　ego

　　n. an individual"s idea of oneself, esp. in relation to other people or to the outside world 自我，自己

　　unaided

　　a. not assisted by sb./sth; without help 无助的;独立的

　　folly

　　n. being foolish; lack of wisdom 愚笨，愚蠢

　　complacency

　　n. (usu. derog) a calm feeling of satisfaction with oneself, one"s work, etc. 自满(情绪)，沾沾自喜

　　self-satisfaction

　　n. (derog) a feeling of being too pleased with oneself and one"s own achievements 沾沾自喜，自鸣得意

　　handful

　　n. a small number 少数，少量

　　pinnacle

　　n. the highest point; the peak 顶峰，极点，顶点

　　mo(u)ldboard

　　n. a curved metal plate in a plow, which turns over the earth from the furrow (农)犁壁

　　Strap

　　n. a strip of leather, cloth or other flexible material, often with a buckle, used for fastening sth., keeping sth. in place, carrying sth. or holding onto sth. 带，条带;皮带;布带;铁皮条

　　transport

　　vt. take sth./sb. from one place to another in a vehicle 运输，运送;输送;搬运

　　overland

　　ad. across the land; by land, not by sea or air 横越大陆地;经由陆路

　　satisfactory

　　a. of an acceptable nature or standard; good enough for a purpose 令人满意的;可喜的;恰当的

　　shipment

　　n. a cargo or goods transported, esp. by ship 装载(或交运)的货物(量)

　　sow

　　v. put or scatter seed in or on the ground; plant land with seed 播种，种;撒播(种子);播种于(土地)

　　effortless

　　a. needing little or no effort 不需要努力的;不(大)费劲的;容易的

　　backward

　　a. having made or making less than normal progress 落后的

　　underdeveloped

　　a. (of a country, etc.) not having achieved a high level of economic development 未充分发展的;不发达的;落后的

　　adoption

　　n. the act of taking over sth. and having or using it as one"s own 采取，采纳，采用

　　chasm

　　n. a very wide difference between people, groups, etc., esp. one that is unlikely to change (感情、兴趣、意见等的)大差别，大分歧

　　intimate

　　a. (of people) having a very close and friendly relationship 熟悉的;亲密的;密切的

　　fundamental

　　a. that need to be known or learned first; most important 基本的，根本的;重要的

21世纪大学英语读写教程第4册Unit9课文及词汇讲解3

　　bring...to an end

　　cause...to end 使…完结(终了、结束)

　　or rather

　　(used to correct sth. one has said previously, or to give more accurate information)more exactly; more truly; it would be better to say 或者确切点说

　　lose sight of

　　fail to consider (sth.); forget (sth.) 忘记;忽略

　　set...right

　　put...right; rectify 校正;纠正

　　take...to heart

　　consider seriously; be much affected or upset by (sth.) 认真考虑(某事);关注(某事);对(某事)想不开;为(某事)忧虑(或伤心、烦恼)

　　come about

　　happen, esp. in a way that seems impossible to prevent 发生，产生

　　for lack of

　　because there is not enough 因缺乏

　　come to the attention of

　　draw (sb."s) attention 引起…的关注

　　compared to/with

　　examined to see how people or things are alike and how they are different 与…相比

　　by/in comparison to/with

　　(when) compared with/to 与…相比

　　look...in the eye(s)/face

　　look at (sb.) steadily without shame or embarrassment (心地坦然地)直视(某人)，正视(某人)

21世纪大学英语读写教程第三册Unit2课文讲解60篇（扩展9）

——21世纪大学英语读写教程第三册第1单元课文讲解 (菁选3篇)

21世纪大学英语读写教程第三册第1单元课文讲解1

　　A common misconception among youngsters attending school is that their teachers were child prodigies. Who else but a bookworm, with none of the normal kid"s tendency to play rather than study, would grow up to be a teacher anyway?

　　I"ve tried desperately to explain to my students that the image they have of me as an enthusiastic devotee of books and homework during my adolescence was a bit out of focus. On the contrary, I hated compulsory education with a passion. I could never quite accept the notion of having to go to school while the fish were biting.

　　But in my sophomore year, something beautiful and exciting happened. Cupid aimed his arrow and struck me right in the heart. All at once, I enjoyed going to school, if only to gaze at the lovely face in English II.

　　My princess sat near the pencil sharpener, and that year I ground up enough pencils to fuel a campfire. Alas, Debbie was far beyond my wildest dreams. We were separated not only by five rows of desks, but by about 50 I.Q. points. She was the top student in English II, the apple of Mrs. Larrivee"s eye.

　　Occasionally, Debbie would catch me staring at her, and she would flash a smile that radiated intelligence and quickened my heartbeat. It was a smile that signaled hope and made me temporarily forget the intellectual gulf that separated us.

　　I schemed desperately to bridge that gulf. And one day, as I was passing the supermarket, an idea came to me. A sign in the window announced that the store was offering the first volume of a set of encyclopedias at the special price of 29 cents. The remaining volumes would cost $2.49 each.

　　I purchased Volume I — Aardvark to Asteroid — and began my venture into the world of knowledge. I would henceforth become a seeker of facts. I would become Chief Brain in English II and sweep my princess off her feet with a surge of erudition. I had it all planned.

　　My first opportunity came one day in the cafeteria line. I looked behind me and there she was.

　　"Hi," she said.

　　After a pause, I wet my lips and said, "Know where anchovies come from?"

　　She seemed surprised. "No, I don"t."

　　I breathed a sigh of relief. "The anchovy lives in salt water and is rarely found in fresh water." I had to talk fast, so that I could get all the facts in before we reached the cash register. "Fishermen catch anchovies in the Mediterranean Sea and along the Atlantic coast near Spain and Portugal."

　　"How fascinating," said Debbie, shaking her head in disbelief. It was obvious that I had made quite an impression.

　　A few days later, during a fire drill, I casually went up to her and asked, "Ever been to the Aleutian Islands?"

　　"Never have," she replied.

　　"Might be a nice place to visit, but I certainly wouldn"t want to live there," I said.

　　"Why not?" said Debbie, playing right into my hands.

　　"Well, the climate is forbidding. There are no trees on any of the 100 or more islands in the group. The ground is rocky and very little plant life can grow on it."

　　"I don"t think I"d even care to visit," she said.

　　The fire drill was over and we began to file into the building, so I had to step it up to get the natives in. "The Aleuts are short and sturdy and have dark skin and black hair. They live on fish, and they trap blue foxes and seals for their valuable fur."

　　Debbie"s eyes widened in amazement.

　　One day I was browsing through the library. I spotted Debbie sitting at a table, absorbed in a crossword puzzle. She was frowning, apparently stumped on a word. I leaned over and asked if I could help.

　　"Four-letter word for Oriental female servant," Debbie said.

　　"Try amah," I said, quick as a flash.

　　Debbie filled in the blanks, then turned to stare at me in amazement. "I don"t believe it," she said. "I just don"t believe it."

　　And so it went, that glorious, joyous, romantic sophomore year. Debbie seemed to relish our little conversations and hung on my every word. Naturally, the more I read, the more my confidence grew.

　　In the classroom, too, I was gradually making my presence felt. One day, during a discussion of Coleridge"s "The Ancient Mariner", we came across the word albatross.

　　"Can anyone tell us what an albatross is?" asked Mrs. Larrivee.

　　My hand shot up. "The albatross is a large bird that lives mostly in the ocean regions below the equator, but may be found in the north Pacific as well. The albatross measures as long as four feet and has the greatest wingspread of any bird. It feeds on fish and shellfish. The albatross has an enormous appetite, and when it"s full it has trouble getting into the air again."

　　There was a long silence in the room. Mrs. Larrivee couldn"t quite believe what she had just heard. I sneaked a look at Debbie and gave her a big wink. She beamed proudly and winked back.

　　What I failed to perceive was that Debbie all this while was going steady with a junior from a neighboring school — a basketball player with a C+ average. The revelation hit me hard, and for a while I felt like forgetting everything I had learned. I had saved enough money to buy Volume II — Asthma to Bullfinch — but was strongly tempted to invest in a basketball instead.

　　I felt not only hurt, but betrayed. Like Agamemnon, but with less drastic consequences, thank God.

　　In time I recovered from my wounds. The next year Debbie moved from the neighborhood and transferred to another school. Soon she became no more than a memory.

　　Although the original incentive was gone, I continued poring over the encyclopedias, as well as an increasing number of other books. Having tasted of the wine of knowledge, I could not now alter my course. For:

　　"A little knowledge is a dangerous thing:

　　Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring."

　　So wrote Alexander Pope, Volume XIV — Paprika to Pterodactyl.

21世纪大学英语读写教程第三册第1单元课文讲解2

　　prodigy

　　n. a person who has unusual and very noticeable abilities, usually at an early age 奇才;天才

　　child prodigy

　　an unusually clever child 神童

　　bookworm

　　n. a person devoted to reading 极爱读书者;书呆子

　　devotee

　　n. a person strongly devoted to sth. or sb. 热爱…者;献身于…的人

　　adolescence

　　n. 青春期

　　* compulsory

　　a. required by law or a rule 义务的;强制的

　　compel

　　vt. oblige or force (sb.) to do sth. 强迫;强求

　　passion

　　n. a strong, deep, often uncontrollable feeling 热情;激情

　　gaze

　　vi. look fixedly 注视;凝视

　　princess

　　n. 1. 理想中的女友;心目中追求的女友

　　2. (oft, cap.) a female member of the royal family, usually the daughter of a king or queen or the wife of a prince [常大写]公主;王妃

　　prince

　　n. 1. 少女理想中的未婚者，白马王子

　　2. a male member of the royal family, especially the son of a king or queen 王子;亲王

　　3. (usu. sing.) (among, of) a very great, successful or powerful man of some stated kind [常单数](喻)大王;巨头;名家

　　sharpener

　　n. 卷笔刀;卷笔器

　　campfire

　　n. a wood fire made in the open air by campers 营火，冓火

　　quicken

　　v. (cause to) speed up 加快

　　scheme

　　v. make plans (for); plan in a deceitful way 计划;谋划

　　n. 1. a formal, official or business plan 计划;规划

　　2. a clever, dishonest plan 阴谋，诡计

　　volume

　　n. 1. one of a set of books of the same kind (一套书的)一册;一卷

　　2. (of) 体积;容积

　　encyclop(a)edia

　　n. a book or set of books dealing with a wide range of information presented in alphabetical order 百科全书

　　aardvark

　　n. 土豚，非洲食蚁兽

　　asteroid

　　n. 小行星;海星

　　* henceforth

　　ad. from this time onwards 自此以后

　　hence

　　ad. 1. for this reason, therefore 因此，所以

　　2. from this time on 今后，从此

　　erudition

　　n. learning acquired by reading and study 博学;学问

　　* cafeteria

　　n. a self-service restaurant 自助餐厅

　　anchovy

　　n. 凤尾鱼

　　sigh

　　n. the act or sound of sighing 叹息(声);叹气(声)

　　reliefn. feeling of comfort at the end of anxiety, fear, or pain (焦虑等的)解除;宽慰

　　casually

　　ad. in a relaxed way 随便地;漫不经心地

　　casual

　　a. relaxed; not formal 随便的;漫不经心的;非正式的

　　* sturdy

　　a. physically strong 强壮的

　　seal

　　n. 1. 海豹

　　2. 印记，印章

　　vt. 1. 盖章于

　　2. 封，密封

　　widen

　　v. make or become wider 加宽;变宽

　　* browse

　　v. casually look or search, e.g. in a shop, in a library, at a book, etc., with no specific aim or object in mind 浏览

　　crossword

　　n. (= crossword puzzle) 纵横字谜，纵横填字游戏

　　frown

　　vi. contract the brows, as in displeasure or deep thought 皱眉头

　　* stump

　　vt. put an unanswerable question to; puzzle 把…难住;使为难

　　* oriental

　　a. of, from or concerning Asia 东方的

　　amah

　　n. 阿妈(印度等一些东方国家的奶妈、女佣或保姆)

　　glorious

　　a. having or deserving glory; very delightful and enjoyable 荣耀的;令人愉快的

　　joyous

　　a. full of or causing joy 充满欢乐的;令人高兴的

　　romantic

　　a. 1. (of sth.) beautiful in a way that strongly affects one"s feelings 有浪漫色彩的

　　2. (of sb.) showing strong feelings of love 多情的;浪漫的

　　3. being unrealistic or unpractical 不切实际的

　　* relish

　　vt. get pleasure out of; enjoy greatly 从…获得乐趣;很喜爱

　　confidence

　　n. belief in one"s own or another"s ability 信心

　　mariner

　　n. (obsolete) a sailor 〈废〉水手

　　marine

　　a. 1. of ships and their goods and trade at sea 航海的;海事的

　　2. of, near, living in, or obtained from the sea 海洋的.;海生的;海产的

　　n. 水兵

　　albatross

　　n. 信天翁

　　wingspread

　　n. the distance between the tips of a pair of fully spread wings 翼幅

　　shellfish

　　n. 贝壳类动物

　　shell

　　n. 1. the hard covering of a sea creature, egg, fruit, seed, etc. 动物的壳(如贝壳、蛹壳等)，蛋壳;果壳;荚

　　2. the outside frame of a building (房屋的)框架;骨架

　　appetite

　　n. 1. one"s desire to eat and one"s feeling about how much to eat 食欲，胃口

　　2. (for) a strong desire 欲望;爱好

　　beam

　　vi. shine brightly; smile warmly 照耀;(面)露喜色;满脸堆笑

　　n. 1. 微笑;喜色

　　2. 光束

　　perceive

　　vt. notice; be conscious of 注意到;感觉;察觉

　　* revelation

　　n. the act of revealing sth., usually of great significance 揭示;暴露

　　asthma

　　n. 气喘，哮喘

　　bullfinch

　　n. 红腹灰雀

　　invest

　　vi. put money into sth. with the expectation of profit or other advantage 投资

　　investment

　　n. 1. 投资;投资额

　　2. the spending of (time, energy, etc.) to make sth. successful (时间、精力等的)投入

　　* betray

　　vt. be disloyal or unfaithful to 出卖，背叛

　　* drastic

　　a. strong, violent or severe 激烈的;迅猛的

　　consequence

　　n. (usu. pi.) the result or effect of an action or condition [常复数]结果;后果

　　* incentive

　　n. encouragement to greater activity; motivating factor; stimulus 鼓励;刺激

　　paprika

　　n. 红灯笼辣椒

　　pterodactyl

　　n. 翼手龙

21世纪大学英语读写教程第三册第1单元课文讲解3

　　out of focus

　　not shar* defined 焦点没对准;模糊的

　　beyond one"s wildest dreams

　　(in a way that is) better than what one expected or hoped for 超过某人所期望的(地);出乎某人意料的(地)

　　the apple of sb."s eye

　　a person or thing that is the main object of sb."s love and attention 某人的掌上明珠;宝贝

　　sweep sb. off his/her feet

　　make sb. feel suddenly and strongly attracted to you in a romantic way 使某人倾心

　　get sth. in

　　manage to say sth. about a subject 设法说完

　　play into sb."s hands

　　do something which gives sb. an advantage 干对某人有利的事

　　file into

　　enter in a single line 鱼贯进入

　　step up

　　(infml) increase the size or speed of 〈口〉加快;增加

　　hang on sb."s words

　　listen very carefully to 倾听;注意地听

　　feed on

　　eat habitually 以…为食物;靠…为生

　　go steady with

　　date sb. regularly and exclusively 仅与(同一异性)经常约会

　　invest in

　　1. buy (sth.) with the expectation of profit or some other kind of advantage 投资于

　　2. (infml) 〈口〉买

　　in time

　　1. eventually 经过一段时间后;最终

　　2. at or before the right or necessary time 及时

　　pore over

　　study or give close attention to 钻研;专心阅读

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